The Basics
Medicines can help you feel better and get well. But if they aren’t used safely, medicines can hurt you.
Using medicines safely can lower your chances of side effects (unwanted or unexpected effects). Side effects may be mild, like an upset stomach. Other side effects can be more serious, like damage to your liver.
When you follow the directions on the package or from your pharmacist, you get the best results.
There are simple steps you can take to avoid problems.
- Follow the directions carefully.
- If you don't understand the directions, ask your doctor or a pharmacist to explain them to you.
- Keep track of all your medicines.
- Tell your doctor about all the medicines, vitamins, minerals, and herbs you use.
- Store your medicines safely.
There are different types of medicine.
The 2 main types of medicine are prescription and over–the–counter.
Prescription
Prescription medicines are medicines you can only get with a prescription (or order) from your doctor. You get this medicine at a pharmacy.
- Prescription medicines should not be used by anyone except the person who was given the prescription.
- Don't save unused prescription medicines and use them again later.
Sometimes you can choose between a generic medicine and a brand name medicine. Generic and brand name medicines work the same way. Generic medicine usually costs less.
Learn more about generic medicines [PDF – 108 KB].
Over–the–counter
Over–the–counter (OTC) medicines are medicines you can buy at a store without a prescription. Examples of OTC medicines include:
- Cold and flu medicines
- Pain medicines like aspirin
- Allergy medicines
- Sleep aids
- Vitamins, minerals, and herbs
Take Action!
Prevent problems and mistakes with your medicines.
Follow directions carefully.
Be sure to read the directions. Even over–the–counter (OTC) medicines can cause problems if you don't use them correctly. Review this guide to using OTC medicines safely [PDF – 2 MB] for more information.
If you notice unpleasant changes after taking medicine, like feeling dizzy or getting a stomach ache, call your doctor.
Talk to your doctor.
Before you use any new medicines, tell your doctor:
- About other medicines you use – both prescription and OTC medicines
- About any vitamins, minerals, or herbs you use
- If you are allergic to any medicines
- If you have had side effects after using any medicines
- If you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Some medicines may harm your baby.
Keep taking prescription medicines until your doctor tells you it's okay to stop – even if you are feeling better.
Ask questions to make sure you understand.
To use a medicine safely, you need to know what the medicine is and why you are using it. Ask your doctor questions to be sure you understand how to use your medicine.
Keep track of your medicines.
- Make a checklist of the medicines you take. Write down how much you take and when you take each medicine.
- Bring this checklist with you when you go to the doctor. You may want to make a copy to give to a family member or friend.
- Make sure to read and save any information that comes with your medicine.
- Pay attention to the color and shape of your pills. If they look different when you get a refill, ask your pharmacist to double check that you have the right medicine.
Store your medicines safely.
Medicines that are stored correctly last longer and work better.
- Store your medicines in a cool, dry place. Medicines can break down quickly in places that are moist and warm, like some bathrooms.
- Keep medicines away from children and pets.
- Get rid of expired (old) medicines and medicines you no longer use. Follow these instructions to get rid of old or extra medicines safely [PDF – 308 KB].